Evaluation on the Validity of the Claim That American Public Education Essay

Assessment on the Validity of the Claim That American Public Education Has Been Consistently Lowering Its Standards and Expectations - Essay Example As indicated by the study led by ‘The National Assessment of Educational Progress’ (NAEP), the outcome known as â€Å"Nation’s Report Card,† delineated the positive results of the understudies having a place with fourth, eighth and twelfth grade standard on a global premise. Though, rather than the reports that introduced by NAEP, it tends to be seen that the scores of the US were a lot of lower standard in the overall setting (Gropman, â€Å"Waning Education Standards Threaten U.S. Competitiveness†; Alexander and Leticia 325-327). It has been additionally contended that the part of ‘Downward Mobility’ is frequenting the instruction arrangement of America. The understudies in the US are keeping away from in going to schools and universities with a dread that their youngsters having more noteworthy instruction foundation will be significantly more taught when contrasted with them. Further subtleties on the contention for the stand for exa mple ‘American Public Education’ is getting reliably settled for what is most convenient option alongside desires have been refered to with certain esteemed perceptions. For example, Andreas Schleicher, who is viewed as an uncommon guide identified with instruction at ‘Organisation for Economic Co-activity and Development’ (OECD) broadcasts that It's something of extraordinary hugeness in light of the fact that a lot of the present monetary intensity of the United States lays on an exceptionally serious extent of grown-up aptitudes - and that is currently in danger, (Coughlan â€Å"Downward versatility frequents US education†). This mirrors an away from about the overarching training arrangement of America. On the side of the contention, the overview report of OECD uncovered that the youthful grown-ups are by and large more instructed than their folks dependent on the proportion of 1:5. As indicated by the perspectives of Miles... This paper focuses on that it will be a false notion to pass judgment on the disappointment of American Public instruction framework because of the constancy of different unique perspectives about the concerned topic. It is the aftereffect of the arrangement of exercises and the political impedances that in the end denied the government funded training arrangement of America from being thrived. In the examination, it has been contended that racial segregation, denying the white collar class families, disparity and ascend in the instruction consumptions are not many of the reasons that contributed in steady disappointment of American government funded training framework regarding bringing down its guidelines alongside desires. The creator of the paper talks his own oppinion on the issue of American state funded training which based framework have not declined as of late. There are a few legislative strategies exacted upon the instruction division, demonstrating the adequacy of the Ame rican government funded training framework. The educators assume a powerful job in deciding the improvement of instruction arrangement of any country. This report makes an end that on in spite of the disappointment of the American state funded training framework, the administration is taking activities to actualize changed principles and approaches for improving the equivalent. Moreover, it has been seen from the examination that government funded instruction arrangement of the US significantly influences five crucial security fronts that involve financial development alongside seriousness, physical wellbeing of the country, US worldwide mindfulness and US solidarity alongside attachment. Along these lines, it is essential for the US government to define arrangements on prompt premise to build up the current state funded training arrangement of America.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty-seven Free Essays

Sansa The dividers of the royal chamber had been stripped uncovered, the chasing embroidered works of art that King Robert adored brought down and stacked in the corner in a messy load. Ser Mandon Moore went to have his spot under the seat adjacent to two of his colleagues of the Kingsguard. Sansa drifted by the entryway, for once unguarded. We will compose a custom paper test on A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty-seven or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The sovereign had given her opportunity of the palace as a prize for being acceptable, yet all things being equal, she was accompanied wherever she went. â€Å"Honor monitors for my little girl to-be,† the sovereign called them, yet they didn't cause Sansa to feel respected. â€Å"Freedom of the castle† implied that she could go any place she picked inside the Red Keep inasmuch as she vowed not to go past the dividers, a guarantee Sansa had been more than ready to give. She couldn’t have gone past the dividers in any case. The doors were watched day and night by Janos Slynt’s gold shrouds, and Lannister house monitors were consistently about also. Additionally, regardless of whether she could leave the stronghold, where might she go? It was sufficient that she could stroll in the yard, pick blossoms in Myrcella’s nursery, and visit the sept to appeal to God for her dad. Once in a while she implored in the godswood too, since the Starks kept the old divine beings. This was the primary court meeting of Joffrey’s rule, so Sansa looked about apprehensively. A line of Lannister house monitors remained underneath the western windows, a line of gold-shrouded City Watchmen underneath the east. Of smallfolk and ordinary people, she saw no sign, yet under the display a group of rulers extraordinary and little processed fretfully. There were close to twenty, where a hundred had been acclimated with hold up after King Robert. Sansa slipped in among them, mumbling welcome as she worked her way toward the front. She perceived dark cleaned Jalabhar Xho, bleak Ser Aron Santagar, the Redwyne twins Horror and Slobber . . . just none of them appeared to perceive her. Or on the other hand in the event that they did, they stayed away as though she had the dim plague. Wiped out Lord Gyles secured his face at her methodology and pretended an attack of hacking, and when interesting tipsy Ser Dontos began to hail her, Ser Balon Swann murmured in his ear and he dismissed. Thus numerous others were absent. Where had the remainder of them gone? Sansa pondered. Vainly, she looked for cordial appearances. Not one of them would meet her eyes. Maybe she had become an apparition, dead before her time. Fantastic Maester Pycelle was situated alone at the chamber table, apparently sleeping, his hands caught together on his facial hair. She saw Lord Varys hustle into the lobby, his feet making no stable. After a second Lord Baelish entered through the tall entryways in the back, grinning. He visited pleasantly with Ser Balon and Ser Dontos as he advanced toward the front. Butterflies shuddered anxiously in Sansa’s stomach. I shouldn’t be apprehensive, she let herself know. I don't have anything to fear, it will all come out well, Joff cherishes me and the sovereign does as well, she said as much. A herald’s voice rang out. â€Å"All hail His Grace, Joffrey of the Houses Baratheon and Lannister, the First of his Name, King of the Andals, the Rhoynar, and the First Men, and Lord of the Seven Kingdoms. All hail his woman mother, Cersei of House Lannister, Queen Regent, Light of the West, and Protector of the Realm.† Ser Barristan Selmy, brilliant in white plate, drove them in. Ser Arys Oakheart accompanied the sovereign, while Ser Boros Blount strolled adjacent to Joffrey, so six of the Kingsguard were currently in the lobby, all the White Swords spare Jaime Lannister alone. Her princeâ€no, her lord now!â€took the means of the Iron Throne two at once, while his mom was situated with the board. Joff wore rich dark velvets cut with red, a gleaming material of-gold cape with a high neckline, and on his head a brilliant crown crusted with rubies and dark jewels. At the point when Joffrey went to watch out over the corridor, his eye got Sansa’s. He grinned, situated himself, and talked. â€Å"It is a king’s obligation to rebuff the traitorous and prize the individuals who are valid. Amazing Maester Pycelle, I order you to peruse my decrees.† Pycelle drove himself to his feet. He was clad in a superb robe of thick red velvet, with an ermine neckline and glossy gold fastenings. From a hanging sleeve, overwhelming with overlaid scrollwork, he drew a material, unrolled it, and started to peruse a not insignificant rundown of names, instructing each for the sake of lord and chamber to introduce themselves and swear their fealty to Joffrey. Bombing that, they would be declared backstabbers, their properties and titles relinquish to the seat. The names he read made Sansa hold her breath. Ruler Stannis Baratheon, his woman spouse, his little girl. Ruler Renly Baratheon. Both Lord Royces and their children. Ser Loras Tyrell. Ruler Mace Tyrell, his siblings, uncles, children. The red minister, Thoros of Myr. Ruler Beric Dondarrion. Woman Lysa Arryn and her child, the little Lord Robert. Master Hoster Tully, his sibling Ser Brynden, his child Ser Edmure. Ruler Jason Mallister. Master Bryce Caron of the Marches. Ruler Tytos Blackwood. Ruler Walder Frey and his beneficiary Ser Stevron. Master Karyl Vance. Master Jonos Bracken. Woman Sheila Whent. Doran Martell, Prince of Dorne, and every one of his children. Such a significant number of, she thought as Pycelle read endlessly, it will take an entire run of ravens to convey these orders. What's more, toward the end, close to last, came the names Sansa had been fearing. Woman Catelyn Stark. Robb Stark. Brandon Stark, Rickon Stark, Arya Stark. Sansa smothered a wheeze. Arya. They needed Arya to introduce herself and make a solemn vow . . . it must mean her sister had fled on the cookroom, she should be protected at Winterfell at this point . . . Terrific Maester Pycelle moved up the rundown, tucked it up his left sleeve, and pulled another material from his right. He made a sound as if to speak and continued. â€Å"In the spot of the double crosser Eddard Stark, it is the desire of His Grace that Tywin Lannister, Lord of Casterly Rock and Warden of the West, take up the workplace of Hand of the King, to talk with his voice, lead his militaries against his adversaries, and do his illustrious will. So the ruler has proclaimed. The little committee assents. â€Å"In the spot of the double crosser Stannis Baratheon, it is the desire of His Grace that his woman mother, the Queen Regent Cersei Lannister, who has ever been his staunchest help, be situated upon his little gathering, that she may assist him with administering shrewdly and with equity. So the ruler has announced. The little committee consents.† Sansa heard a delicate mumbling from the masters around her, however it was immediately stilled. Pycelle proceeded. â€Å"It is additionally the desire of His Grace that his reliable hireling, Janos Slynt, Commander of the City Watch of King’s Landing, be on the double raised to the position of master and allowed the antiquated seat of Harrenhal with all its chaperon grounds and wages, and that his children and grandsons will hold these distinctions after him until the finish of time. It is also his order that Lord Slynt be situated promptly upon his little gathering, to aid the administration of the domain. So the lord has announced. The little board consents.† Sansa witnessed movement from the side of her eye as Janos Slynt made his passageway. This time the mumbling was stronger and angrier. Glad masters whose houses returned a large number of years cleared a path hesitantly for the thinning up top, frog-confronted average citizen as he walked past. Brilliant scales had been sewn onto the dark velvet of his doublet and rang together delicately with each progression. His shroud was checked dark and-gold glossy silk. Two terrible young men who more likely than not been his children went before him, battling with the heaviness of an overwhelming metal shield as tall as they were. For his sigil he had taken a wicked lance, gold on a night-dark field. Seeing it raised goose prickles here and there Sansa’s arms. As Lord Slynt had his spot, Grand Maester Pycelle continued. â€Å"Lastly, in this season of injustice and disturbance, with our adored Robert so of late dead, it is the perspective on the gathering that the life and wellbeing of King Joffrey is of central significance . . . † He looked to the sovereign. Cersei stood. â€Å"Ser Barristan Selmy, stand forth.† Ser Barristan had been remaining at the foot of the Iron Throne, as still as any sculpture, yet now he went to one knee and bowed his head. â€Å"Your Grace, I am yours to command.† â€Å"Rise, Ser Barristan,† Cersei Lannister said. â€Å"You may expel your helm.† â€Å"My lady?† Standing, the old knight removed his high white rudder, however he didn't appear to get why. â€Å"You have served the domain long and loyally, great ser, and each man and lady in the Seven Kingdoms owes you much obliged. But at this point I dread your administration is at an end. It is the desire of ruler and board that you set out your overwhelming burden.† â€Å"My . . . trouble? I dread I . . . I don't . . . â€Å" The new-made ruler, Janos Slynt, made some noise, his voice overwhelming and gruff. â€Å"Her Grace is attempting to reveal to you that you are assuaged as Lord Commander of the Kingsguard.† The tall, white-haired knight appeared to recoil as he remained there, barely relaxing. â€Å"Your Grace,† he said finally. â€Å"The Kingsguard is a Sworn Brotherhood. Our promises are taken forever. Just demise may calm the Lord Commander of his hallowed trust.† â€Å"Whose demise, Ser Barristan?† The queen’s voice was delicate as silk, however her words conveyed the entire length of the lobby. â€Å"Yours, or your king’s?† â€Å"You let my dad die,† Joffrey said critically from on the Iron Throne. â€Å"You’re too old to even consider protecting anybody.† Sansa looked as the knight looked up at his new lord. She had never observed him look his years, however at this point he did. â€Å"Your Grace,† he said. â€Å"I was picked for the White Swords in my twenty-third year. It was all I had ever imagined, from t

Working Off That Freshman 15

Working Off That Freshman 15 As many of you have heard, Freshman year is famous for packing on the pounds, and I was no exception. Now that the holidays are over, and I can finally enter a room without festive cookies staring me in the eyes saying EAT ME, I have made my resolution to lose some weight, along with every other person in the United States apparently. But what can you do to lose weight at school where you have a meal plan that serves A LOT, I mean A LOT of carbs? Well one good thing about the dining halls is that they always accommodate for vegetarians in some way or another, so there is usually a salad bar at all times. I like to make a salad with the protein of the day whether its chicken or ground beef or fish. There is nothing I love more than a huge salad. You can, however, go wrong with a salad in some way. Try not to load up on croutons or cheese, but have fun with veggies and maybe even some fruit if youre feeling adventurous. And watch the dressing! Try something that isnt creamy or loaded with sugar. The best thing about salads is you will never really get bored of them because there are so many different ways to make them! But if salad isnt really your forte, then try to find something that isnt smothered in batter and fried. Now on to the hard part EXERCISE! Here at the University of Illinois, we are fortunate enough to have TWO amazing recreation centers, the ARC and CRCE. I, personally, like the ARC mostly because it is closer to me, but it is also bigger. They both have a lot of machines and places to run and indoor pools! The ARC has three floors of workout equipment and theres even a sauna in this secret hallway that took me FOREVER to find. The ARC makes it really easy to get into exercising and have fun while doing it. Theres a rock wall for people who have better upper body strength than myself and the track is pretty awesome. The only problem about the recreation centers is that they are open to EVERY student at the University of Illinois. So you will have to figure out a schedule where you can go to work out without the rest of the university being there as well. I have heard that you can call the ARC and ask them what the best time to go is, but I personally like to go in the early morning or late at night. I hope I have helped anyone who is worried about that Freshman 15 find ways to prevent it or work it off! Freshman 15 or not, though, do not stress out about gaining it. That will be your biggest downfall! College is already full of enough stress, so give yourself a break and do what makes you happy! Thanks for reading, and if you have any questions please feel free to comment below! Alec Class of 2019 I'm double majoring in Economics and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I'm from a small town across the river from St. Louis called Waterloo, Illinois.

Athens vs. Sparta - Comparative - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 917 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category History Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Tags: Army Essay Military Essay Did you like this example? Athens Vs. Sparta Tyler King Greece, a country united by its name, but divided by its opinions, was separated into many city-states. The two most authoritative states were the two that were always at war. These very distinct provinces were that of Sparta and Athens. Sparta was focused on having a perfect military, whereas Athens made it a point to have a perfect government for their people. Athenian daily life revolved around learning and knowledge where a Spartan male devoted his time to the army. When Athenian children were being trained for life, Spartan children were being trained for battle. Athens and Sparta were very different, especially in their views of politics, military, and culture. These two city-states had very different opinions of their military. They were both very powerful and extremely feared. Many Greek cities dreaded facing the Athenian navy where Sparta frightened these city-states on land. The lives of Spartans revolved around military. At age seven , each and every Spartan boy would be required to start his training at the agoge to become an elite fighter. The education given was meant to create Spartans into soldiers. Not only were the Spartans raised to be military-minded, but they were also expected to be a disciplined soldier. The strict rules of the government made it so that every Spartan was to be physically fit and always ready for battle. Once of age and rank, a Spartan warrior would be invited to a mess, this would house a Spartan for the rest of his life. Without belonging to a mess, a Spartan would be nothing. Spartans thrived for battle and this is why they continuously won each battle they entered. The Spartan soldiers remained very close with each other considering most of them are related. They fight in a phalanx formation, which is almost impeccable. Before being defeated at the battle of Epiminondas against Thebes, the Spartan army was triumphant in over 300 continuous battles. The Athenian army, on the other hand, was based on the â€Å"hoplite† or foot soldier, and it’s navy. It was one of the first navy’s established in the ancient world and this was why it flourished. The Athenians continually added new ships, making it almost impossible for other armies to defeat. Politics was one of the main causes for battle between these two historical ity-states. As in many Greek city-states, Athenian government evolved from a monarchy into an aristocracy. Around 700 B. C. , noble landowners began chosing the chief officials. Nobles judged major cases in court and dominated the assembly. Athenian wealth and power grew under the aristocracy. Yet discontent spread over the commoners. Merchants and soldiers resented the power of the nobles and argued that their services to Athens entitled them to more rights. As discontent spread, the government slowly moved towards a democracy. Solon, one of Athens greatest leaders, made many reforms such as outlawing debt slavery. S olon also promoted freeing those who had already been sold into slavery due to their debt. The Spartans formed a very complex government mixing democracy and oligarchy, and this form of government was a model for other city-states. The government was made up of four parts, the kingship, the council of elders, the Ephorate, and the Assembly. The kingship in Sparta was shared by two kings who inherited their position for life. They shared equal powers which included being active commanders of the army, which gave them power to go to war with any country they choose. The council of elders, called Gerousia, were elected by the Assembly and held office for life. The Gerousia consisted of 30 men including the two kings that decided whether or not a child would be raised or not. If they were to not be raised, the children would be left for dead. The Ephorate was the biggest constitutional change which occured after the first Peloponnesian war. It consisted of five men who were chosen by the kings, but soon that would change and these men would be elected annually. Their basic role was to keep the kings on the right track, to make sure that they stood by their oaths, and this was to keep the kings from gaining too much power. The Assembly was made up of male Spartan citizens over the age of thirty. Culture was a major diversion between these two ferocious city-states. Athens offered an all around education where everyone was entitled to learn, not just the rich. The daily life of an Athenian incorporated knowledge with military tactics, and this is why they were so successful. The Athenians were also concerned with making a profit so they became sea traders, which was a major income for the Athenian city. Unlike the Athenians, the Spartans were culturally backward, which means we never learned from this societys way of life. They had no real family life and were very militaristic. They spoke in laconic phrases, which meant they answered or spoke in as little words as possible. They were forced to marry at 30 so they could produce as many healthy children as possible considering all unhealthy children were left to die. Athens and Sparta were two very unrelated city-states which caused for much tension between them. They did not agree on many things including military tactics, treatment of slaves, politics, and the daily life a citizen lived. An Athenian person was very well educated where as a Spartan was a natural born warrior. These provinces battled for a very long time before Sparta emerged victorious. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Athens vs. Sparta Comparative" essay for you Create order

Pros and Cons of School Uniforms - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 748 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Education Essay Level High school Tags: School Uniforms Essay Did you like this example? There are many controversies and questions on whether students should have school uniforms. A School uniform is a dress code given by mostly private schools to help discipline the students and help them focus on their studies rather than whether they have the newest clothing. There are many pros and cons to having a school uniform. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pros and Cons of School Uniforms" essay for you Create order As most students say, it restricts their freedom of expression; but also improves classroom discipline. Uniforms can have a negative effect because they restrict the students’ self-expression; however, uniforms also could cause a positive effect because they help the students mature faster at a younger age. The first ever recorded use of a school uniform was in England in 1222. The United States later discovered the idea of school uniforms in the 1800s, â€Å"using them strictly for children who were removed from their families putting them in a military-type uniform†(Reyhner). Uniforms in the modern days are not just used to those who were being fostered, nor are they military-type uniforms; consequently, they’re now altered to fit according to when the seasons change. Modern uniforms can bring chaos into the classroom, restrict a students’ ability to express themselves, create segregation, and much more. Due to the strict rules, most modern students hated school; they feel terrible about themselves and seemed to struggle with finding their identity. Uniforms caused much rebellion simply because they wanted to show how unhappy they were. In a school in Japan, â€Å"you don’t get to decide whether to wear the summer uniform or winter one just by if you’re cold or notIf you just changed in the winter uniform and it gets really hot in October for some reason, too bad†(Covington) Most schools around the world make it to where kids dread going to school. If they don’t have the exact polo, pants, or jackets, they get punished; however, the student isn’t always faulty. Although uniforms may have their negatives, they also have asset craze of positives. It is proven for uniforms to cost less than a normal back to school shopping spree would. â€Å"For juniors shirts, jeans, and shorts it’s an average fifty-eight dollar. Girls can range from thirty to fifty dollars, and boys range from forty to fifty dollars just for an outfit. While for an average back to school outfit is around seventy to one hundred dollars†(Academy). School uniforms are much cheaper than an average outfit, as well as some schools pay for the uniforms so they’re free to you. School uniforms also help kids with their self-esteem and confidence. â€Å"Even the kids who initially don’t like the idea say they feel they’re being treated with more respect†(Russo). Because of their admiration of the attention due to school uniforms, students enjoy school. â€Å"in Ohio’s eighth largest school districts, the found that school uniform policies improve rates of attendance, graduation, and suspension†(Draa). They not only make you feel more confident and comfortable, but you’re also helping yourself out by going to class more and paying attention. According to Jose Aristizabal, a high school student in Armenia, Colombia, his uniforms are comfortable â€Å"The uniforms do not cause rebellion, nor do they restrict self-expression. They’re just a rule you have to follow in the handbook and they feel like your regular weekend clothes†(Aristizabal) Yes, some kids may compare their clothes to others; but, it shouldn’t distract you from looking at the board and listening to the teacher. â€Å"As for bullying, that’s everywhere you go. It don’t change just because you have on the same clothes as them†(Aristizabal). Jose has gone to GI School in Armenia, Columbia for the majority of his life; therefore, he practically grew up in a uniform. In conclusion, there are many advantages and disadvantages to wearing school uniforms in public schools. Although there are many advantages, there are more disadvantages. Uniforms don’t look the same on everybody because we all have different body types. School faculty is also strict on the uniform policy. Students should not have to worry about wearing the correct uniform when they should be worried about their school work. Yes, uniforms have been improved but they still are useless when it comes to helping kids learn. The uniforms do nothing for the kids, they keep you too worried about whether or not â€Å"Twenty years ago, school uniforms made us look and feel like we were in prison.†(Arbuckle).

Barbie, If Looks Could Kill Free Essays

Hannah Mekeel Pg1 Barbie: If Looks Could Kill Almost every American girl desires a Barbie at some point, for the chance to vicariously live her fabulous life. The average girl from ages 3-11 owns upwards of 10 Barbie dolls throughout her childhood, with hours on end spent exploring a Pepto-Bismol colored world, where Barbie has any dream job. For 53 years, Barbie has been an American standard of beautiful. We will write a custom essay sample on Barbie, If Looks Could Kill or any similar topic only for you Order Now With her leggy, busty figure and unattainable body measurements, neatly wrapped in pink packaging and a sunny disposition, Barbie has had over 80 careers, ranging from the President to a McDonalds’ cashier. When she’s not teaching or fighting fires, she still manages to maintain her Barbie dreamhouse, her body, and her dreamboat of a boyfriend, Ken. In the world of Barbie, a girl can have it all! But not all is sunny in paradise since the emergence of a Barbie backlash, as parents and child development experts begin to see the possible connections between young girls who play with Barbie’s and adult woman with body issues or eating disorders. The question becomes; What are these toys teaching young girls about their bodies, their gender, and their role in society? Is the character that has become Barbie a role model for all women can achieve? Or, have Barbie been teaching young girls that the perfect, attractive, and socially valuable woman is thin, always glamorous, always happy, and always silent? Since Barbie was first debut in 1959, she seemed to be a picture perfect role model for middle class, American girls. She was perfectly thin, had a perfect family, perfect hair, perfect car and house. Yet how was this image of a perfect woman affecting the millions of young girls who were playing with her? Some would argue that Barbie’s thin, but busty and hippy figure, instill in young woman an idea of the perfect body, desired by men and envied by other women, Mekeel Pg 2 ll the while, completely unattainable. â€Å"If Barbie were an actual woman, she would be 5’9†³ tall, have a 39†³ bust, an 18†³ waist, 33†³ hips and a size 3 shoe,† Slayen wrote in the Huffington . â€Å"She likely would not menstruate†¦ she’d have to walk on all fours due to her proportions. † (Ka tz). Many women admit they started worrying about their weight when they were between the age of 4 and six years old, and many of the girls who have or had an eating disorder admitted that Barbie played a huge role in influencing their attitudes toward their bodies. Barbie led young girls to believe, if you want Barbie’s fabulous life, you have to also look â€Å"fabulous†. During the formative ages of 4-6, right about the time young girls receive their first Barbie, they really begin to absorb the social standards around them, and the 1961 gem, â€Å"Slumber Party Barbie†, could not have been a positive influence on young girls. â€Å"Slumber Party Barbie† came equipped with a book titled How to Lose Weight , which offered advice like â€Å"don’t eat,† and a bathroom scale permanently set at 110 lbs. Slumber Party Barbie† is something no good parent would expose their young, impressionable daughter to, and something Mattel wouldn’t even attempt 40 years later. Mattel has had its missteps in the last 20 years, putting feminist across the country up in arms with the 1992 flop â€Å"Teen Talk Barbie†, who famously proclaims that â€Å"math class is tough†. Sure, math class is tou gh, but shouldn’t Barbie be reiterating to girls that math is essential, especially if you want to be just like Barbie and grow up to be a doctor, scientist, astronaut, or whatever you want. Mattel wasted no time silencing their quintessential bimbo following the backlash. Borger). Another major flaw in Barbie portrayed values is her desire for material wealth. Barbie has everything, but it wasn’t always that way. Barbie came from humble beginnings, dressed like Mekeel Pg 3 a typical white, middle-class female of the 1960’s. She continued to evolve into mod Barbie, disco Barbie, and by the 1980s â€Å"she had the taste of a lottery winner,† says M. G. Lord, author of Forever Barbie. â€Å"At the core of this change is class. † (Borger). Barbie suddenly had a dreamhouse mansion, a convertible sports car, and in more recent years, began wearing designer duds from the likes of Ralph Lauren, Christian Dior, and Bob Mackie. Barbie advocates stress that the problem doesn’t lay in Barbie’s appearance, or even her values, but with our perceptions of a doll. After all, Barbie is an inanimate object, something that living women shouldn’t compare themselves to. If Barbie were real she would likely be divorced from Ken and in debt up to her eyes after remortgaging her dreamhouse, but she’s not real. She is a fantasy, which little boys and girls can use when flexing their imaginations to develop a whole world and life for Barbie, as they would see it. It’s the ability to make Barbie into anything they want that makes her so appealing to children. We are in danger of looking at a child’s toy through an adult’s microscope and, of course, seeing all the wrong things. To a child she.. never says she can’t play with you, always smiles, will accompany her owner everywhere, and never shouts. Onto her can be projected wishes and dreams. †(Russel) Barbie has also taken the form of many positively influential female role models like Jackie Onassis Kennedy or Olympic athletes. Having experienced first-hand, amongst girls my age, the damages of low self-esteem and a poor body image, I find it hard to believe that Barbie has played no role in damaging females. Though a six year old might not process the impact at the time, subconsciously she carries the effects of Barbie’s image with her for the rest of her life, affecting the way she sees Mekeel Pg 4 herself and women around her. Sure, Barbie encourages young girl to be whatever they want to be, but only if you’re beautiful. With doll collecting being the second most popular hobby, to stamp collecting, and Barbie being a $1. 5 billion dollar industry, she’s not going anywhere soon. It is a parent’s responsibility to choose their children’s toys wisely, considering how it might impact them. If nothing else, parents should be present in their daughters’ lives contextualizing all these images they encounter in the public and in pop culture, and reinforcing a positive body imagine and self-esteem. Mattel continues to make efforts to bring Barbie to a place of more positive realism, but until woman are accurately represented and positive portrayed by gender specific toys, Barbie could be a serious danger to a young girls psyche, giving a new meaning to the phrase â€Å"if looks could kill. † How to cite Barbie, If Looks Could Kill, Essay examples

Payroll background free essay sample

Payroll system is the heart of any Human Resources System of an Organization. The solution has to take care of calculation of salary as per rules of the Company. This Payroll System is a full-featured system that manages financial information of every employee in an organization. It computes and processes the payroll in the certain payroll period. This Payroll System is also a flexible compensation administration solution. It is designed to help human resources professionals as well as finance and accounting personnel to manage employee compensation, deductions, allowances, and benefits in an organization. The system is integrated with the Employee’s information, offers efficient features and functionalities to manage companys expenses. Every worker remembers his or her first payday. Whether the salary was big or small, there was a deep satisfaction in tearing open the envelope and seeing that peso sign. Over the years, the checks may arrive with less fanfare, but always with a strong sense of pride. We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll background or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is the nature of work; fair and timely compensation for a job well done. Payroll, at its most basic, is the process by which an employer pays an employee for work performed. If you own a business, but don’t have any employees, then you don’t have to worry about payroll. But as soon as you hire your first worker, you have a responsibility to pay that employee on time and the correct amount. If employers fail in their payroll duties, their workers will be less motivated to fulfill their end of the bargain. They will be less productive and suffer from low morale. And if you make a mistake on an employee’s paycheck enough times, he or she will probably quit.

Shakespeares Comedy Vs. Tragedy Essays - , Term Papers

Shakespeare's Comedy vs. Tragedy Certain parallels can be drawn between William Shakespeare's plays, "A Midsummer Night's Dream", and "Romeo and Juliet". These parallels concern themes and prototypical Shakespearian character types. Both plays have a distinct pair of ?lovers', Hermia and Lysander, and Romeo and Juliet, respectively. Both plays could have also easily been tragedy or comedy with a few simple changes. A tragic play is a play in which one or more characters is has a moral flaw that leads to his/her downfall. A comedic play has at least one humorous character, and a successful or happy ending. Comparing these two plays is useful to find how Shakespeare uses similar character types in a variety of plays, and the versatility of the themes which he uses. In "Romeo and Juliet", Juliet is young, "not yet fourteen", and she is beautiful, and Romeo's reaction after he sees her is, "O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night As a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear Beauty to rich for use, for the earth too dear!" Juliet is also prudent, "Although I joy in thee, I have no joy in this contract tonight. It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden." She feels that because they have just met, they should abstain from sexual intercourse. Hermia is also young, and prudent. When Lysander suggests that "One turf shall serve as a pillow for both of us, One heart, one bed, two bosoms, and one troth," Hermia replies "Nay, good Lysander. For my sake, my dear, Lie further off yet; do not lie so near." Although this couple has known each other for a while (Romeo and Juliet knew each other for one night when the above quote was spoken), Hermia also abstains from even sleeping near Lysander even though she believes he does not have impure intentions. Romeo's and Juliet's families are feuding. Because of these feuds, their own parents will not allow the lovers to see each other. In the a differnet way Hermia is not allowed to marry Lysander. Hermia's father Egeus says to Theseus, Duke of Athens, "Full of vexation come I, with complaint Against my child, my daughter Hermia. Stand fourth, Demetrius. My noble lord, This man hath my consent to marry her. Stand forth, Lysander. And, my gracious Duke, This man hath bewitched the bosom of my child." Egeus tells the Duke that his daughter can marry Demetrius, not Lysander. Hermia replies ". . . If I refuse to wed Demetrius," Egeus replies "Either to die the death, or to abjure for ever the society of men." If Hermia does go against her father's wishes, and weds Lysander, she will either be put to death, or be forced to become a nun. Both pairs of lovers also seek help from another. Juliet and Romeo seek Friar Lawrence, and Lysander and Hermia seek Lysander's aunt, who lives in the woods near Athens. Both sets of youths have the same character type. They are young, their love is prohibited, both women are prudent, and both seek the help of an adult. Yet they have their subtle differences. For example, Lysander, never mentioned a love before Hermia. Romeo loved Rosaline, before he loved Juliet. Hermia's family and Lysander's family were not feuding, whereas the Montagues' and Capulets' feude was central to the plot of the play. The stories of "Romeo and Juliet" and "A Midsummer Night's Dream" are very different however. "A Midsummer Night's Dream" is a comedy. Oberon, king of the fairies, sends a mischievous imp named, Puck, to play a trick on the queen of the fairies, Titania, and on a pair of Athenian youth. Puck turns Nick Bottom's head into that of an ass (Nick Bottom is the man in the play production within "A Midsummer Night's Dream"; he tried to play every part), and places an herb on Titania that causes her to fall in love with him. This is quite humorous. However, at the end of the play all the couples are back together, with the ones they love. Thus Lysander and Hermia do get married. If Egeus had showed up at the wedding, he could have killed

Michael Graves essays

Michael Graves essays Michael Graves, born the summer or 1934 in Indianapolis, knew he wanted to be an artist by the age of six. Encouraged by his mother to seek a more practical career, Graves choose architecture. After studying at the University of Connecticut, he got his master's degree at Harvard University. After finishing school in 1959, he moved to New York City where he worked at the office of George Nelson. While working in New York, Graves received a fellowship to study at American Academy in Rome, Italy. Graves studied the classical architecture, which inspires much of his work. It was his time in Rome that allowed him to make the connection between ancient and modern architecture. In 1962, Graves started teaching architecture at Princeton University. He designed buildings upon commission, but not until 1977 did his work become nationally know. Graves received a commission for a cultural center spanning the Red River on the Minnesota/North Dakota border. Although lack of funding never allowed his design to be built, he gained a lot of attention. Graves' next project, the Portland Building, is a fifteen story postmodernist skyscraper. It can be defined this way because of its unusual use of color. There is also a reference to Greek columns on the facade of the building. As more commissions followed, Graves began his own design studio in Princeton. As a privileged member of the designers at this studio, I can witness the process of Graves' design. His firm is split into teams of designers. There are the interior and architectural designers in one building and the industrial designers in a separate studio. Michael and the team leaders primarily plan each project out. The teams then develop the project. Computer drawings are then sent to the modelers and painters. The atmosphere at the Graves studio is extremely laid back, but professional. For example there are several dogs roaming around the studios, but the conference rooms double as displ...

Multiversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Multiversity - Essay Example ty thus resulted in the incorporation of different communities within a single setting thus; developing holistic individuals with a propensity to interact ad integrate ideas. Clark Kerr in his article the idea of a multiversity investigates the history of the idea and its ramification to the contemporary world and the academic environments. The brainchildren of the idea had a number of specific convenience issue that they sought to address by developing the idea. The historical evolution of higher education through the subsequent introduction of the idea of a multiversity was progressive and a result of several structural and management changes in the governance of the facilities of higher education as the discussion below reveals. Kerr begins his article by investigating the origin of universities as institutions of higher learning. The earliest universities such as Oxford, Bologna, and Edinburg had specific structures that necessitate the management of the single institutions that specialized in single courses offered in single campuses. The administrative structures of the facilities necessitated the management of the facilities as single entities with each university at the time specializing is single disciplines. However, with time and the resultant changes in the social environment, the society became more liberal with the demand for education increasing in the western world among other regions globally. Such leading and prestigious institutions therefore led the change into more liberal and diversified learning institutions thereby permitting the inclusion of more courses and campuses leading to the development of the multiversity concept â€Å" it was clear that by 1930 that universities have changed profoundly and commonly in the direction of social evolution of which they are part† Kerr 3. In this statement, Kerr acknowledges that institutions of higher learning such as universities existed as part of the society and therefore had to represent the social

Listening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Listening - Essay Example In my opinion, this goes hand in hand with listening. Listening to what the client is saying shows that you are interested and hence elevates the chances of success. Sales people are required to possess effective communication skills such that they are able to communicate audibly to a customer and subsequently listen attentively. This paper describes the ‘why’ and ‘how’ listening is one of the most important components of successful salesmanship in the context of the residential renovation industry. There are various ways that a good salesman can adopt the skills of becoming a good listener. To become a better listener, a salesman is advised to first pay attention and listen to the other person before talking, exercise tolerance, persistence, and shun complains. In the modern world, the residential renovation industry has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry. In general, listening has its importance in business communication. It is a key factor of prod uctivity and success in an institution. Listening is important in the establishment of effective and successful associations and relations within the workplace. This is also applicable in the residential renovation industry. Through listening, a salesman is able to establish a relationship or association with the customer. Listening makes it easier for the salesman to converse with the client as s/he is able to comprehend issues effectively. Salesmen are advised to ensure that they develop their listening abilities through offering their complete concentration to their clients and retain eye contact with the client (Green 98). Consequently, a salesman is advised to seek clarification of the statement or arguments brought forward by the client to ensure effective comprehension. A salesperson in the residential renovation industry is ought to listen to the client genuinely and openly. S/he is ought to consider the fact that the whole process is client based, so every attention should be focused towards the client. Listening to the need s of the clients ensures that all renovation work or sale conducted on behalf of the client meets his/her requirements. To elucidate the ‘how’ to listen, Green posits that: Active listeners have a good perspective of, and a strong handle on, paraphrasing, restating, summarizing, responding to nonverbal messages, and responding to feelings. These active listening techniques enable salespeople to hold three important things in their grasp. Listening results in a better understanding of what prospects are saying, listening causes a greater flow of information from prospects, and is the basis for tailoring a sales approach that matches the prospect (97). Listening makes it possible for a salesperson to grasp information and details presented by the client that are beneficial in establishing and putting forward resolutions geared towards benefiting the organization dealing with residential renovation services. This is attr ibuted to the fact that through listening, a salesman has a chance to identify and ascertain the feelings and thought of a particular customer on a particular issue of activity. The information gathered by the salesperson can subsequently be incorporated in chatting the way forward to meet the requirements of the client. Listening helps both the client and the salesperson to build conviction and confidence towards each other. Subsequently, listening helps the salesperson to

Development of Powers withing the British Constitution

Development of Powers withing the British Constitution â€Å"†¦the description of British government as an elective dictatorship is no longer appropriate.† (V. Bogdanor The New British Constitution (2009) Oxford, Hart). Discuss, considering in particular Bogdanor’s argument that the separation of powers has been strengthened within the British Constitution in recent years. Britain is described as not having a written constitution, instead it is simply: a set of inductive generalisations[1] which have resulted in Britain not having a formal separation of powers. Due to this lack of structure, the power within the constitution can become concentrated to a single group. Consequently an Act which would be held as undemocratic in places where there is a written constitution e.g. the United States, will not be in Britain. This essay aims to analyse the doctrine of the separation of powers, focusing on how the principle operates in the British Constitution where the separation between the branches of government is not strictly adhered to. It will examine how this entwining relationship has led to Britain living in an elective dictatorship opposed to the democracy it is advertised to be. Additionally, it will consider how the recent developments of the constitution, including the introduction of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, has led to the separation of powers being strengthened therefore the democracy of Britain increasing. The separation of powers is one of these principles that is found, in one form or another, in most modern constitutions[2]. It is a feature predominantly in constitutions which operate a system of government that is based on the law. The importance of the doctrine is significant because it underpins the way the power is used within a state. Nowadays, it has been recognised as having a crucial role in the constitution; it remains important to distinguish the primary functions of law-making, law-executing and law-adjudicating. If these distinctions are abandoned, the concept of law itself can scarcely survive.[3] Poor division of power between the different organs would mean it is impossible to prevent abuse therefore a dictatorship could arise. The principle suggests that the correct way to separate the power is to divide it equally into three separate organs, each with independent roles from each other. If each of these branches perform a different function then the constitution will run efficiently. The branches today are known as; the legislative- who create law; the executive- responsible for the day to day running of the constitution; the judiciary- they apply the laws. This means if these divisions are adhered to then the constitution will successfully run as an organised democracy. The Greek Philosopher, Aristotle, was the first to classify the government as being split into three elements; The three are, first, the deliberative, which discusses everything of common importance; second the officials and third, the judicial element.[4] These distinctions are based purely on a political entity[5]whereas todays understanding of the principle focuses more on different branches of the government. Todays theory comes from the French Constitutional Theorist Montesquieu who popularised the doctrine in his book, the Spirit of the Law[6]. He breaks down the institutions as legislatures, executives and judges who exercise certain specific functions making laws, executing laws and adjudicating disputes about laws[7]. These branches can be translated to the British Constitution. The Legislative branch is made up of Parliament whose function is to pass legislation which regulates the citizens and to scrutinise the work of the executive in order to ensure that they are not abusing their powers. Britain has a bicameral legislative branch which means that it is composed of two chambers; the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The members of the House of Commons are elected by the British public and the party with the most seats form the government. This means that it is a fairly elected democracy. In Britain the role of the executive is to formulate and implement policies. It is led by the Prime Minister who is responsible for the overall conduct of the government and the ministers who are the head of each department. The role of the judiciary is to interpret the legislation and apply the law in accordance with how Parliament intended it when they created it. The judicial branch covers all judges however, it is those which sit in the higher courts who are most important to the operation of the British Constitution because they are in a position to challenge the government and ensure that it functions with the law. It has been argued that in Britain, the result of not having a codified constitution is that there is no consequences in place if one branch exceed the limit of power they have according to the separation of powers theory. The principle came under significant criticism around the 1980s. One of the main criticisms was by Brazier who stated that the arrangement of the British Constitution is: at best a weak separation of powers at worst a separation in name only[8]. Locke, an English Philosopher was concerned with the division of power and the consequence if the separation was not equal. Concentration of power can seriously affect the organisation and functioning of the constitution. He believes that: it may be too create a temptation to humane frailty apt to grasp for Power, for the same persons who have the power of making laws, to have also in their hands the power to execute them, whereby they may exempt themselves from obedience to the laws they make [9] This means if there is too much power concentrated to one person, or to one branch of the government, it would lead to the system as a whole being corrupt. It would provide people with the opportunity to use the system to their own advantage, essentially creating laws others do not agree with thus creating a dictatorship. The idea that too much power can result in one group using it to their advantage can be seen within the British Constitution, where there is many overlaps between the branches. This led to Lord Hailsham describing the structure of this constitution as an elective dictatorship[10] because although the government is elected by the public, they abuse the amount of power they have been given and use this to their own advantages- they act like dictators. In theory it appears that the roles of each branch are clearly distinguished however, this is not the case in practice. However, Montesquieu also recognises that the division of power between the organs of the state is not always amicable, there can be overlap between the branches and it still be a democracy. This idea there is overlap in the British Constitution can be supported by Parpsworth who claims: a separation of powers is not, and has never been a feature of the UK constitution. An examination of the three powers reveals that in practice they are often exercised by persons which exercise more than one such power.[11] This idea can be seen by the role of the Lord Chancellor who had a position within each of the three government branches. He had a legislative function of being the speaker of the House of Lords, an executive function of being a member of the cabinet and a judicial function as being the head of the judiciary. Being the head judge gave the Lord Chancellor the right to participate in judicial proceedings and to appoint judges. This shows that there is more than an overlap between the branches instead it shows that the same person clearly does exercise more than one power.[12] regardless of Montesquieu stating: all would be lost if the same man exercised these three powers[13]. Evidently this suggests that Britain is an elective dictatorship because there is no restriction on the amount of power that each branch can administrate within society, they can influence the functioning of the constitution without regard to the view of the public. The Lord Chancellor was in a strong position to abuse his powers; he could provide himself with more benefits or use the arrangement to influence the branches and allow one organ to dominate the whole constitution. Clearly, his position within all three arms of the government does not conserve the doctrine of the Separation of Powers. However, it could be argued that even though there is clear overlap between the roles, the question of abusing power was irrelevant as the Lord Chancellor optionally chose to remain impartial to each branch when undertaking the particular function it required; in recent years, the Lord Chancellor had rarely sat as a judge and never on matters affecting the government. This suggests that the British Constitution was never operating in a way which could be described as an elective dictatorship[14], instead it has always been an independent system[15]. However, there are exceptions to this; Lord Mackay, however, did sit in the leading case Pepper v Hart, [1993] AC 593, on which he offered a dissenting judgement[16] which shows that there are exceptions and the lines between the branches have been overstepped. Regardless of this only being an exception there was a clear overlap in the way the functions of the branches were being performed so the Labour Party, the current government at the time, introduced the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 which led to dramatic reforms, specifically regarding the position of the Lord Chancellor. His position at the head of the judiciary has now been replaced by Lord Chief Justice who is now in charge of the deployment of judges and allocation of work in Courts in England.[17] Additionally, his legislative function as the speaker of the House of Lords has been replaced by the Lord Speaker. This means that since the reform, his function is now purely in the executive branch of the government where he remains to be a member of the cabinet.[18] Evidently, the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 has strengthened the doctrine of the separation of powers in Britain as the overlaps between the arms have been reduced thus the power distribution has been equalised. However, not everybody agrees that the reforms towards the Lord Chancellor has increased the democracy in Britain. His role was described as a necessary evil vital to ensuring the smooth running of the separate estates. [19] This criticism suggests that the Labour Government removed the connection between the branches which may reduce the effectiveness of the organisation of each function. However, the reform was essential because if these distinctions are abandoned, the concept of law itself can scarcely survive.[20] Another problem with the separation of powers in the British Constitution is the overlap between the legislative and executive. Theoretically, the executive initiate the creation of new laws and it is for the legislatures to debate and pass the proposals once the content has been agreed upon. This means that the legislative is supposed to have control over the executive however, in practice it is clear that the Executive tends to dominate the legislature, because the party and electoral systems usually produce a strong majority government, what Lord Hailsham called an elective dictatorship[21]. This means that the executive is therefore present at the heart of Parliament.[22] Being at the centre of the government structure allows the executive to have strong persuasion over the legislatures, meaning they can get the result they wish without the House of Commons standing in their way. This supports Bagehots description of the British Constitution being; the close union, the nearly complete fusion of the legislative and executive powers[23] as it appears that they operate as one branch; the executive. This intertwining relationship can be seen as there is a strong convention that ministers are members of one or other House of Parliament[24] as well as the Prime Minister being a member too. As a result they will have strong influential powers over the decisions of both the executive and the legislative. This is because the ministers will be less likely to challenge the decisions of their party therefore their activities will not be questioned so they will be able to initiate any changes they wish. This means they are able to operate an elective dictatorship without checks to the amount of power they are using. However, it could be argued that the separation of powers still exists because there are procedures in place to ensure the doctrine remains a strength of the British Constitution. For example, there is a limit on the number of ministers who can be members of the House of Commons. This will ensure that the amount of influence they have is limited. Additionally, there is the opportunity for a backbench revolt. This is where a large number of MPs who are not ministers or in cabinet for the leader, vote against them to try prevent them from carrying out their propositions. One example is from 2001 where; more than 100 Labour backbenchers rebel over the attempted removal of two Labour MPs from the chairmanship of important parliamentary committees.[25] which led to the reinstatement of two Transport and Foreign Affairs Select Committees. This suggests that although the executive try and overstep their powers by going against the opinions of the public which could effectively mean Britain is a dictatorship, there are checks and processes in place for their decisions to be effectively challenged. Members of cabinet can, and have, also taken stands against their own parties. A recent example of this can be seen by Tony Blair who proceeded with the Iraq War despite the majority of his cabinet disagreeing with his actions and a further two resigning. This example shows that the government are not persuaded by the actions of their cabinet or backbench revolts. This shows the need for checks to prevent the abuse of power is essential. The legislature has the duty to ensure that the executive do not overstep this limit ensuring that control is maintained, reducing the chance of an elective dictatorship. These checks mean that Bogdanors suggestion that we are less of an elective dictatorship is correct; the rules ensure that nobody gains too much control. In conclusion, the doctrine of the separation of powers is a feature of the peculiarly British conception of the separation of powers that Parliament, the executive and the courts have their distinct and largely exclusive domain.[26] Before the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, the power was not constrained to the three separate organs. Instead the distinctions were not clear therefore the power was subject to being abused and concentrated to different branches. The reforms led to a redistribution of power in the British Constitution which has effectively led to a decrease of living in an elective dictatorship, just as Bogdanor suggests. Bibliography Allan, T. R. S.. First principles: the Rule of Law and Separation of Powers. Constitutional justice: a liberal theory of the rule of law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. 31-52. Barnett, Hilaire. Fundamental Constitutional Concepts; the separation of powers. Constitutional administrative law. 7th ed. London: Cavendish Pub., 2009. 71-91 Bates, Clifford The Fundamental Similarity between Montesquieu and Aristotle http://www.academia.edu/5192735/THE_FUNDAMENTAL_SIMILARITY_BETWEEN_MONTESQUIEU_AND_ARISTOTLE>. Blair Backbench reforms. BBC News. BBC, 26 Feb. 2003 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2802791.stm>. Bogdanor, Vernon. The new British Constitution. Oxford: Hart Pub., 2009. Bradley, Anthony, and Keith Ewing. The relationship between legislature, executive and judiciary. Constitutional and administrative law. 15 ed. Longman, 2010. 78-88 Brazier, Rodney. Constitutional reform: reshaping the British political system. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. Constitutional Reform Act 2005. Constitutional Reform Act 2005 www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/4/contents> Lord Hailsham Elective dictatorship. The Listener, 21 October 1976 Lord Phillips, Lord Chief Justice. Interview by Marcel Berlins. Personal interview 2007 Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat. The spirit of the laws. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Parpworth, Neil. Separation of Powers. Constitutional and administrative law. 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 18-20 R Benwell and O Gay, The Separation of Powers www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/sn06053.pdf‎> Watts, Duncan. Constitutions. Understanding US/UK government and politics a comparative guide. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003. 26-43. 1 [1] V Bogdanor,The New British Constitution(1st, Hart, 2009) 22 [2] A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 78 [3] T. R. S. Allan,Constitutional Justice: A Liberal Theory of the Rule of Law (Oxford, 2003) 31 [4] Aristotle Politics as citied in H Barnett, Constitutional Administrative Law(7th, Routledge, 2009) [5] Clifford Bates, The Fundamental Similarity Between Montesquieu and Aristotle (academia.edu 2005) http://www.academia.edu/5192735/THE_FUNDAMENTAL_SIMILARITY_BETWEEN_MONTESQUIEU_AND_ARISTOTLE> accessed 11th January 2014 [6] C Montesquieu ,The Spirit of the Laws (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought)(1st, Cambridge University Press, Oxford 1989) [7] Clifford Bates, The Fundamental Similarity Between Montesquieu and Aristotle (academia.edu, 2005) http://www.academia.edu/5192735/THE_FUNDAMENTAL_SIMILARITY_BETWEEN_MONTESQUIEU_AND_ARISTOTLE> accessed 11/01/2014 [8]R Brazier,Constitutional Reform: Reshaping the British Political System(3rd, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008) 108 [9]J Locke,Two Treatises of Government(ed. Laslett), chX11, para 143 as cited in A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 81 [10]Lord Hailsham, Elective dictatorship The Listener (21 October 1976) [11]N Parpworth,Constitutional and Administrative Law(7th, Oxford, 2012) 20 [12]N Parpworth,Constitutional and Administrative Law(7th, Oxford, 2012) 20 [13]C Montesquieu ,The Spirit of the Laws (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought)(1st, Cambridge University Press, Oxford 1989) [14]Lord Hailsham, Elective dictatorship The Listener (21 October 1976) [15] The Lord Chief Justice 2007 Interview[2007] [16] V Bogdanor,The New British Constitution(1st, Hart, 2009) 66 [17]Lord Chief Justice (www.judiciary.gov.uk 2014) http://www.judiciary.gov.uk/about-the-judiciary/the-judiciary-in-detail/judicial+roles/judges/lord-chief-justice> accessed 11/01/2014 [18]Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (www.legislation.gov.uk 2005) http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/4/contents> accessed 11/01/2014 [19]V Bogdanor,The New British Constitution(1st, Hart, 2009) 63 [20]Allan,Constitutional Justiceas cited in A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 88 [21] D Watts,Understanding US/UK Government and Politics: A Comparative Guide(Oxford 2003) 36 [22] R Benwell and O Gay, The Separation of Powers (www.parliament.uk 2013) accessed 11/01/2014 [23] Bagehot,The English Constitution 65as cited in A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 78 [24] A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 84 [25] Blairs backbench rebellions (www.news.bbc.co.uk 2003) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2802791.stm> accessed 11th January 2014 [26] R v Home Secretary[1995] 2 AC 513as cited in A W Bradley and K D Ewing,Constitutional Administrative Law(15th, Pearson) 78

Managers :: Business, Transformational Leadership

Organizations need managers who are innovators because they offer the organization a competitive advantage and economic growth in a time of increased worldwide competition, technological revolution and fast shifting market situations (Damanpour, & Schneider, 2006). Innovative managers are good in adapting to new environments conditions because they form the organizational culture. Furthermore, they motivate and enable fellow managers or employees to build the capacity for change to occur. Organizations need to have many innovative managers because they have a positive attitude toward competition and entrepreneurship at the work place. Moreover, a manager’s capacity to innovate in an organization is positively associated with organizational climate (2006). Gumusluoglu, & Ilsev (2009) also states that organization needs to have many innovative mangers because they develop new and better products and services. Organization needs to have managers who are not afraid to take risk f or innovation to occur (Hancer, Ozturk, & Ayyildiz, 2009). A manager position permits other employees to gather and engage innovative thoughts from both the inside and outside the organization (2009). Organizations that have employees that trust each other are more likely to succeed (Simmons, 2002). This is because trust is the expectations or beliefs about likelihood that fellow employee’s actions will be beneficial or at least not harmful to his/her interests. Furthermore, an organization cannot succeed if the manager is not trusted because he/she will have extensive difficulties in establishing any trust with his/her fellow employees. Moreover, this can result in negatively affecting the organization culture and productivity (2002). Trust is very important for an organization because it explains the managers or employees organizational activities such as their â€Å"leadership, ethical behavior, teamwork, goal setting, performance appraisal, development labor relations and negations† (Andersen, 2005, p.396). This is because trust largely is contingent on the mutual confidence that no side in the relationship will exploit the susceptibility of each other (2005). Lastly, when employees perceived that their manager do not trust them, they start to mistrust the manager in a cycle of reciprocity (2002). Organizations need managers with integrity because they foster organizational compliance and create a positive environment within the organization (Verhezen, 2008). Furthermore, managers with integrity have a good moral character, are sincere, honest, and more likely to stick with their values (2008). A positive staff perception of a manager's leadership is associated with better job satisfaction and workforce retention (Jeon, Glasgow, Merlyn, & Sansoni, 2010).

The Body Is a Temple

The body is a temple, a saying in the bible that most know even if they have never read the bible. It is a statement that most have taken into account though and lived by religiously; no pun intended. During interviews, an average, or generalized ideal body could be found within what each candidate had to say about themselves and others. This ideal body was identified to be a â€Å"fit† body, but the definitions of fit were somewhat construed. Most people interviewed saw their body as fit, but wanted more change to their body.Others were content with their bodies; they knew they could change for better, but the change was something that was not important because they were set with the bodies they had. What is most important is the fact that the definition of fit can be interchangeable and for different reasons. One definition was recognized as the disciplined lifestyle of becoming toned and exercised within a gym or some other environment; this body type was more ‘enhanc ed’ looking and more appealing to the majority of society.The other definition described a body that could get through a day without being uncomfortable and could handle most physical activity, but this body type was of those that did not go to the gym every day and did not exercise often. What could be concluded was the fact that both parties that represented each definition wanted change to their body regardless of how they looked. Over the last few weeks, observations were made of how people carried their bodies around on a daily basis.Women wear their makeup, flashy clothes, and seem to put how their bodies look on a pedestal. What this means is that the ideal body type for them is almost unobtainable. Men on the other hand though did not care as much about their outer appearance, but more on what their body shape looked like. One interviewee for example, whose name is William, had a toned body, but still did not see himself as looking good enough. Majority of people woul d agree in saying that his body type was ideal and that he was good looking enough, but to him, he saw that he needed more change. I like my body, but I do not like it enough, I need more muscle in order to be satisfied in how I look†, these were the words of William; they reflect a self-conscious side to his personality. Since he does not see what others see, he wishes to keep growing through his workouts until he has reached a peak where he can be happy. His wardrobe did not reflect this self-conscious side though; he tries to dress nicely, but does not mind what he wears everyday. In other words, he does not always dress to mpress, but rather wishes to impress with his body shape and physique. Other men interviewed, also agreed that the physique was the most important part to their overall image. Benjamin said, â€Å"I have always been a small guy and this has bugged me, I have always wondered if I was good enough for girls because I was not as ripped or as big as other gu ys out there. † Benjamin seems to be a confident guy, but this underlying worry did bother him enough to start working out every single day at the Recreational Center.His fashion consisted of jeans everyday and a sweatshirt; he has gauges in his ears and does not go clean-shaven most times. This observation seems to solidify that men do not care about their outer appearance, but more what is underneath. The Recreational Center seems to be a hot spot for men to be found because they want to tone their bodies over anything else in order to feel desirable. Fashion, makeup, and the outer facade that women put on seems to be the priority of a woman’s conscience, if these components are not pristine, then it seemed as if most women were not satisfied.The women interviewed unanimously agreed without hearing others’ opinions that fashion was important to their success in feeling comfortable with themselves, but because their bodies would ‘never’ fit the bill . Even if they had a good body type, there was still something that was not good enough about them, but the opposite gender would disagree. This is why fashion for women is key; the makeup they wear and their perfect outfits cover up the blemishes they feel they have underneath the outer-layers. When it comes to girls and how they dress on campus you can see a stereotypical set of fashion appear per season.When it comes to fall time, Yoga pants are a must. During interviews, most women asked said they wore Yoga pants because they were comfy, but it can be inferred that it also is because it outlines the woman’s body more and women want to show off when they can. Fall fashion also consists of different articles of clothing, but this seems to be the most worn article. Women want to attract men in whatever ways they can, and since the body is the first thing that is judged, the most bodacious of clothing is worn. Such was also seen on Halloween night, scandalous costumes were wo rn to make seen what types of bodies girls had.Even if girls were not in shape they still tried to look as ‘naughty’ as possible. This was confusing because it really scuffed the respect that women should receive for their hard work to achieve such fit bodies because they were lowering themselves to such a desperate level to impress the guys around campus. Seeing this behavior strikes up the point that women do feel that their bodies are important, but it seems random amongst women. Some like their bodies, but majority feel they have not achieved the perfect body when in fact they have.Discipline is seen in the women because of all the effort that is put into their outer appearance, their bodies are important, but compared to men it is not what matters most to them. â€Å"I spend almost an hour to two hours sometimes to prepare my makeup and hair before I go to class or go out on the weekends. † Words from Lex which were surprising to hear because it does not tak e much time at all for a man to get ready for the day. She also said, â€Å"My body is never good enough, I need to lose a lot of weight before I can feel good-looking enough for guys out there. This was also surprising to hear because Lex is a good-looking woman and does not look unfit at all. After hearing what each woman had to say it was obvious that being perfect was something they all strived for, but felt like they could never achieve it. There are too many ‘perfect’ people in the world that they look up to and it demeans their success when they really are perfect in many ways. Idolization is more than likely a major cause for people getting their bodies to look the way they do. Celebrities, models, gym junkies, and more all create an image that for some is impossible to reach.But one group that does not need these sorts of images is the people of the Nacirema. A bizarre bunch of men and females, but what they lack is what makes them succeed their own sort of pe rfect or ideal body. The Nacirema go through tortuous processes in order to achieve what they think is the ideal body. This society believes that the body is ugly and its natural tendency is to debility and decay (Horace Miner). Achieving an ideal body all starts with the shrines and charms they use for different parts of their body.Shrine walls are built within the houses and many charms and potions are kept in these shrines (Horace Miner). There are an abundance of charms and what can be inferred is that keeping these charms helps to reassure that they are still serving their purpose even after they are used up. The practice of using these charms is only a minor step in ridding the body of impurities; a temple where medicine men take members of society is the final step to purification. Bodies are put to the test as grueling activities such as drilling out teeth take place and are filled with random assortments of herbs that supposedly prevent decay.People that enter the temple ma y not come out because death is certainly possible. Each person’s body is pushed to the extreme, but it is only to prove that they hold the power to be perfect. Something this extreme is not needed in societies around the world, but for the Nacirema people it is necessity. They supersede other cultures because they do not idolize a certain body type and after the rituals have been performed, they know inside that they are worthy of the body they have and to be a part of the people in their society.If cultures such as the one seen at Washington State University could appreciate this sort of lifestyle and not hold celebrities and models at such a high status, then the world would see many more confident people with bodies that they would be proud of. It is part of life to try and obtain a body that majority sees as fit, but seeing how everyone interviewed needed something different to happen with their body in order to feel confident, it is almost as if this sort of peace of mi nd will never occur.Life today is filled with people battling self-confidence issues. The image of an ideal body is not obtainable because people do not want to see the beauty they behold already. Women wear a mask to cover what they think is ugly, and men hit the gym more than they need to just to achieve a rock hard body that is unnecessary. If more were to hold the values of the Nacirema on a lessened level and boost their self esteem through different acts, then society today could see a much different and possibly brighter mentality that would be shared amongst many.Fashion is an amazing thing and can be appreciated for its many artsy and beautiful additions to how the body looks, but when it becomes only a tool to cover up the inner beauty of the body because of false self-accusations, it cannot be looked at as something spectacular. The body is a temple, how one adorns it, treats it, and appreciates it, is completely up to the person that lives within the body; but when other s influence how one’s temple is treated and decorated, that temple can be considered desecrated. Every persons’ body should be respected and loved for what it is because only the thoughts that one creates are important.

Short Stories Comparision - When the Wasps Drowned,...

Intentionally the authors of all three stories have decided to drag the theme into the main characters taking the step from childhood to adolescence. When the Wasps Drowned by Clare Wigfall uses the wasps as a tool to show how their childhood changes and how they grow up, very similar to how Mrs Rutters tale in the story of The Darkness Out There by Penelope Lively changed Kerry and Sandra as individuals. Examination Day, though having a way different plot also has a theme of main characters changing but in this story the character that changes are the parents. The theme of the main characters to take the step from childhood to adolescence because of their surroundings is set up clearly in the introductions of all the stories where they†¦show more content†¦Also Therese does not want to grow up while in the other hand her older sister the narrator Evelyn wants to grow up so badly and take that big step from being a child to adult. This is very clear in Paragraph 8 where Eve lyn says: â€Å"We’d walk down to the park and I’d sit by the swings and watch the boys.† She is becoming sexually aware by saying she would want to watch the boys and by this she realises boys are something of interest. Also she turns an old vest into a bikini: â€Å"I’d fashioned a bikini from a pair of pink knickers and an old vest which I’d cropped just below my nipples. â€Å" On the other hand in the story of the Darkness Out There Kerry and Sandra the two main young characters of the story are described quite standard to the reader and the first description of Kerry was quite negative saying: â€Å"Blacked licked-down hair and slitty eyes† The description is clearly negative and makes Kerry sounds very gothic, lonely and not social at all by saying she has black licked-down hair and slitting eyes. Sandra is meanwhile described very nicely in the first sentence of the story: â€Å"She walked through flowers, the girl, ox-eye daises and vetch and cow parsley, keeping to the track at the edge of the field.† Undoubtedly this is clearly written by Lively, the author to create confusion to the reader. Although Sandra is described as young and innocent in the introduction further on in the story LivelyShow MoreRelatedShort Stories Comparision - When the Wasps Drowned, Examination Day the Darkness Out There1681 Words   |  7 Pagesall three stor ies have decided to drag the theme into the main characters taking the step from childhood to adolescence. When the Wasps Drowned by Clare Wigfall uses the wasps as a tool to show how their childhood changes and how they grow up, very similar to how Mrs Rutters tale in the story of The Darkness Out There by Penelope Lively changed Kerry and Sandra as individuals. Examination Day, though having a way different plot also has a theme of main characters changing but in this story the character